Transport and infrastructure: Toward sustainable mobility

This chapter focuses on the challenges in transforming the transport sector and personal mobility from a fossil-fuel paradigm into a sustainable-mobility paradigm. It discusses three pathways that originate in the sustainable mobility framework. The chapter analyzes the dynamic between traditional transport policies and pressure to change due to climate change, demonstrating the problems of changing centuries-old path-dependent transport and infrastructure policies that are rooted in free movement, fossil fuels and continued traffic growth. It discusses how technology-substitution policies facilitate the transition from internal-combustion engine cars to low-emission vehicles. Technological substitution focuses on finding new low-emission technologies to substitute existing fossil-fuel technologies, especially replacing the internal combustion engine with low emission technologies, for example batteries. In China, car ownership has increased and cars have replaced bikes on streets.