Aggregative adherence fimbriae form compact structures as seen by SAXS

Bacterial colonization is mediated by fimbriae, which are thin hair-like appendages dispersed from the bacterial surface. The aggregative adherence fimbriae from enteroaggregative E. coli are secreted through the outer membrane and consist of polymerized minor and major pilin subunits. Currently, the understanding of the structural morphology and the role of the minor pilin subunit in the polymerized fimbriae are limited. In this study we use small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal the structural morphology of purified fimbriae in solution. We show that the aggregative fimbriae are compact arrangements of subunit proteins Agg5A + Agg3B which are assembled pairwise on a flexible string rather than extended in relatively straight filaments. Absence of the minor subunit leads to less compact fimbriae, but did not affect the length. The study provides novel insights into the structural morphology and assembly of the aggregative adherence fimbriae. Our study suggests that the minor subunit is not located at the tip of the fimbriae as previously speculated but has a higher importance for the assembled fimbriae by affecting the global structure.