TY - JOUR
T1 - Toward a conceptual approach for assessing risks from chemical mixtures and other stressors to coastal ecosystem services
AU - Syberg, Kristian
AU - Backhaus, Thomas
AU - Banta, Gary Thomas
AU - Bruce, Peter
AU - Gustavsson, Mikael
AU - Munns Jr., Wayne R.
AU - Rämö, Robert
AU - Selck, Henriette
AU - Gunnarsson, Jonas S.
N1 - This article has been found as a 'Free Version' from the Publisher on May 18th 2018. When the access to the article closes, please notify [email protected]
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Growth of human populations and increased human activity, particularly in coastal areas, increase pressure on coastal ecosystems and the ecosystem services (ES) they provide. As a means toward being able to assess the impact of multiple stressors on ES, in the present study we propose an 8-step conceptual approach for assessing effects of chemical mixtures and other stressors on ES in coastal areas: step A, identify the relevant problems and policy aims; step B, identify temporal and spatial boundaries; step C, identify relevant ES; step D, identify relevant stressors (e.g., chemicals); step E, translate impacts into ES units; step F, assess cumulative risk in ES units; step G, rank stressors based on their contribution to adverse effects on ES; and step H, implement regulation and management as appropriate and necessary. Two illustrative case studies (Swedish coastal waters and a coastal lagoon in Costa Rica) are provided; one focuses on chemicals that affect human food supply and the other addresses pesticide runoff and trade-offs among ES. The 2 cases are used to highlight challenges of such risk assessments, including use of standardized versus ES-relevant test species, data completeness, and trade-offs among ES. Lessons learned from the 2 case studies are discussed in relation to environmental risk assessment and management of chemical mixtures.
AB - Growth of human populations and increased human activity, particularly in coastal areas, increase pressure on coastal ecosystems and the ecosystem services (ES) they provide. As a means toward being able to assess the impact of multiple stressors on ES, in the present study we propose an 8-step conceptual approach for assessing effects of chemical mixtures and other stressors on ES in coastal areas: step A, identify the relevant problems and policy aims; step B, identify temporal and spatial boundaries; step C, identify relevant ES; step D, identify relevant stressors (e.g., chemicals); step E, translate impacts into ES units; step F, assess cumulative risk in ES units; step G, rank stressors based on their contribution to adverse effects on ES; and step H, implement regulation and management as appropriate and necessary. Two illustrative case studies (Swedish coastal waters and a coastal lagoon in Costa Rica) are provided; one focuses on chemicals that affect human food supply and the other addresses pesticide runoff and trade-offs among ES. The 2 cases are used to highlight challenges of such risk assessments, including use of standardized versus ES-relevant test species, data completeness, and trade-offs among ES. Lessons learned from the 2 case studies are discussed in relation to environmental risk assessment and management of chemical mixtures.
KW - Chemical contamination
KW - Coastal areas
KW - Ecosystem services
KW - Environmental risk assessment
KW - Multiple stressors
UR - https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ieam.1849
U2 - 10.1002/ieam.1849
DO - 10.1002/ieam.1849
M3 - Journal article
SN - 1551-3777
VL - 13
SP - 376
EP - 386
JO - Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
JF - Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
IS - 2
ER -