TY - JOUR
T1 - Biochemical composition of the promising live feed tropical calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annadalei (Sewell 1991) cultured in Taiwaneese outdoor ponds.
AU - Rayner, Thomas Allan
AU - Jørgensen, Niels. O.G.
AU - Blanda, Elisa
AU - Wu, Chen-Han
AU - Huang, Cheng-Chein
AU - Mortensen, John
AU - Hwang, Jiang-Shiou
AU - Hansen, Benni Winding
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - The use of copepods as live feed has shown good potential, and in Taiwan copepods are harvested specifically as live feed for fin-fish production. The calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei is a species found typically in Taiwanese aquaculture and in the rest of the Indo-Pacific region. The copepods, as well as seston, were sampled from outdoor large-scale aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan during a three week period in the summer, and their somatic biomass, fatty acid and amino acid profiles were examined. The resulting fatty acid profiles of the copepods and pond seston were compared. The analyses reveal high contents of fatty acids in the adult females (approx. 16% of dry weight) with moderate content in the nauplii (approx. 5% of dry weight). Relative abundance of HUFAs was also high. The ratio of fatty acids C22:6 n − 3 (DHA) and C20:5 n − 3 (EPA) stayed above 1.4 with the lowest combined relative abundance of 21.8% of total fatty acid content. The fatty acid C20:4 n − 6 (ARA) was present in adult females and late stage nauplii. Overall, P. annandalei demonstrated good trophic transfer capabilities of HUFAs. Discrepancies between adult female and seston fatty acid profiles indicate possible fatty acid chain alteration mechanisms and/or alternative dietary input. Frequent addition of different types of meal and manure by the farmers, in order to stimulate productivity in the ponds, may provide adults with additional fatty acids that are not found in the pond seston. Also, amino acid compositions in adult females and late stage nauplii reveal high abundances of lysine, arginine and histidine, which is a further indication of an intake of alternative particles to phytoplankton. Overall, the amino acid profile of P. annandalei reveals an abundance of essential amino acids above 53.8 ± 1.2%, combined with an estimated protein content of 57% of dry weight for adult females. Both the fatty and amino acid profiles show favourable nutritional values towards fish larvae rearing. Further investigation into P. annandalei's potential biosynthetic capabilities and intake of particles other than pelagic seston could pave the way for further manipulation of its nutritional value to suit a range of species of fish larvae
AB - The use of copepods as live feed has shown good potential, and in Taiwan copepods are harvested specifically as live feed for fin-fish production. The calanoid copepod Pseudodiaptomus annandalei is a species found typically in Taiwanese aquaculture and in the rest of the Indo-Pacific region. The copepods, as well as seston, were sampled from outdoor large-scale aquaculture ponds in southern Taiwan during a three week period in the summer, and their somatic biomass, fatty acid and amino acid profiles were examined. The resulting fatty acid profiles of the copepods and pond seston were compared. The analyses reveal high contents of fatty acids in the adult females (approx. 16% of dry weight) with moderate content in the nauplii (approx. 5% of dry weight). Relative abundance of HUFAs was also high. The ratio of fatty acids C22:6 n − 3 (DHA) and C20:5 n − 3 (EPA) stayed above 1.4 with the lowest combined relative abundance of 21.8% of total fatty acid content. The fatty acid C20:4 n − 6 (ARA) was present in adult females and late stage nauplii. Overall, P. annandalei demonstrated good trophic transfer capabilities of HUFAs. Discrepancies between adult female and seston fatty acid profiles indicate possible fatty acid chain alteration mechanisms and/or alternative dietary input. Frequent addition of different types of meal and manure by the farmers, in order to stimulate productivity in the ponds, may provide adults with additional fatty acids that are not found in the pond seston. Also, amino acid compositions in adult females and late stage nauplii reveal high abundances of lysine, arginine and histidine, which is a further indication of an intake of alternative particles to phytoplankton. Overall, the amino acid profile of P. annandalei reveals an abundance of essential amino acids above 53.8 ± 1.2%, combined with an estimated protein content of 57% of dry weight for adult females. Both the fatty and amino acid profiles show favourable nutritional values towards fish larvae rearing. Further investigation into P. annandalei's potential biosynthetic capabilities and intake of particles other than pelagic seston could pave the way for further manipulation of its nutritional value to suit a range of species of fish larvae
U2 - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.01.034
DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.01.034
M3 - Journal article
SN - 0044-8486
VL - 441
SP - 25
EP - 34
JO - Aquaculture
JF - Aquaculture
ER -