共創で形作られる北欧のスマートシティ: 市民主導はどう始まりどう続いていくのか

In recent years, the social implementation of smart cities, where utilises urban data and ICT technology to promote Quality of Life of citizens and urban development, have become active in the world. Among all leading cases attracting worldwide attention, Scandinavian smart cities are characterised as "co-creation." So, how does co-creation begin and continue in the practice of Scandinavian smart cities? The authors extracted 100 cases of Scandinavian smart cities and analysed them on the three axes of subject, technology, and tools. The analysis shows that citizen involvement is a key in Scandinavian smart cities, with three enablers for citizen-led city creation: easy-to-access funds, democratic communities, and meeting agendas.